I'm currently in China and I've noticed a ton of differences in the culture.

The picture above is a sign for a security check while entering a subway. Each subway station has its own security check, the more popular stations have more tight security. The security there was more tight compared to the airport at my hometown. Security is often a big thing in most public places. It is also common for guards on the street to randomly ask for your birth certificate, or in my case, my passport. In Canada, the only time you really need to show your passport is for traveling. We got caught with a small Swiss army knife while entering the subway, which we got past airport security in Canada with no problems.
Additionally, cars will cut cross the pedestrian lane while they turn, regardless of who is there or not. Most cars travel slower than 40 to 50km an hour in normal traffic. No seat belts are required for the passengers at the back, and I've even seen some taxi drivers not use their seatbelts.
There are also lots of smaller details as well in the culture and the way people treat each other from what I've noticed. Weird, isn't it?